Therefore, it is not effective to measure the finished tooth surfaces using reference surfaces of type (A). In addition, hypoid gears are commonly finished by heat treatment and lapping processes and during these processes, tooth surfaces are distorted largely from the cutting form. However, in case of type (B), reference surfaces of gear pair are conjugate to each other and it is easy to estimate transmission error or tooth contact pattern. In case of type (A), reference surfaces of gear pair are not conjugate to each other and it is not possible to estimate transmission error or tooth contact pattern directly from the measured result. Thus, it is convenient to predict transmission error and tooth contact pattern of the gear pair. The involute helicoids of mating gear pair are conjugate to each other and measured result of them indicate the deviation from the conjugate condition. It is similar to evaluation of spur and helical gear, for which involute helicoid is used as the reference surface. the other hand, for the purpose (ii), to predict transmission error and tooth contact pattern and control its quality, it is suitable to use reference surface of conjugate surface (type (B)), which represent ideal tooth mesh condition, and identify the deviation of real tooth flank form of gear pair from the ideal condition.
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